China is a major steel-producing country, with the steel industry being a high energy-consuming sector. As the national energy system reform deepens, the government's requirements for adjusting the energy structure of steel increase. The market-driven changes in steel products lead to fluctuations in the energy structure. Steel production faces not only strong constraints regarding energy, resources, and the environment but also the challenge of breakthroughs in energy-saving technology, a low proportion of low-carbon clean energy, and the rigidity of the centralized energy supply system. The difficulty of energy recovery and energy conversion efficiency, along with the timing and spatial mismatches between steel production and energy utilisation, has become more pronounced. Therefore, under the pressure of the "double carbon" goal, the green and low-carbon transformation and development of steel urgently require new energy-saving theories and technologies. Saving energy and improving efficiency through process energy consumption, introducing new energy to optimise the energy structure, enhancing the flexibility of energy dispatch, and reducing energy costs are critical paths to achieving carbon reduction and enhancing the competitiveness of iron and steel enterprises.The advantage of heat storage technology lies in its ability to address issues of low energy utilisation rates and low equipment efficiency caused by energy fluctuation and discontinuity, while simultaneously enhancing enterprises' capacity to absorb new energy. Furthermore, heat storage technology can be integrated with processes to improve overall energy scheduling flexibility, allowing process equipment to be designed or operated at lower loads, thereby reducing investment and operational costs. Consequently, this paper analyses the development of molten salt heat storage technology and its innovative applications in iron and steel technology, outlining the feasibility, significant roles, and future development prospects of molten salt heat storage technology in the comprehensive utilisation and efficiency improvement of energy in the iron and steel industry.